Binciken Tasirin Zamantakewa da Tushen Fasahar Kudi na Sirri

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

• 1. Gabatarwa
• 2. Tasirin Kudi na Sirri
  • 2.1 Ƙaruwar Yawan Laifuka
  • 2.2 Haɗin Tattalin Arzikin Duniya
  • 2.3 Tasirin Kasuwar GPU
• 3. Tushen Fasaha
  • 3.1 Fasahar Sirri (Cryptography)
  • 3.2 Fasahar Blockchain
• 4. Binciken Fasaha
• 5. Sakamakon Gwaji
• 6. Aiwatar da Code
• 7. Aikace-aikacen Gaba
• 8. Bayanan Kara Karatu

1. Gabatarwa

Kudin sirri (Cryptocurrency) wani sabon salo ne na kuɗin dijital wanda ba shi da cibiyar gudanarwa, yana aiki ta hanyar cibiyoyin sadarwa na kwamfuta. Asalin ra'ayin ya kawar da dogaro ga hukumomi ta hanyar fasahar blockchain, yana ba da damar yin amintattun mu'amala tsakanin mutane ba tare da buƙatar tantance musu ba. Tarihin ya fara ne da "kuɗaɗen yanar gizo" a shekarar 1989, ya ci gaba ta hanyar ƙirƙira kuɗin dijital na David Chaum, kuma ya kai wani muhimmin mataki tare da takardar Satoshi Nakamoto na 2008 "Tsarin Kuɗin Dijital Tsakanin Mutane," wanda ya kafa harsashin ƙaddamar da Bitcoin a shekarar 2009.

2. Tasirin Kudi na Sirri

2.1 Ƙaruwar Yawan Laifuka

Yanayin kuɗin sirri mara cibiyar gudanarwa da kuma ɓoyayyen suna yana haifar da manyan kalubale ga 'yan sanda da kuma tsaron kuɗi. Tsarin banki na al'ada ya dogara da cibiyoyi masu rikodin cikakkun bayanan mu'amala ciki har da adadi, ainihin mutanen da suka yi mu'amalar, wurare, da lokutan da aka yi su. Kuɗin sirri ya kawar da wannan kulawa, yana ƙirƙiro dandamali na mu'amalolin da ba a iya gano su. Wannan yanayin ya haifar da karuwar kashi 435% a hare-haren ransomware a lokacin shekarar 2020, tare da rahoton FBI na koke-koke 3,729 na ransomware da suka haɗa da asarar kuɗi sama da dala miliyan 49.2 a cikin shekarar 2021 bisa ga bayanan Tsaron Cikin Gida na Amurka.

2.2 Haɗin Tattalin Arzikin Duniya

Kuɗin sirri yana ba da damar yin mu'amaloli cikin sauƙi a kan iyakokin ƙasa ba tare da matsakaicin bankuna na al'ada ba, yana rage farashin mu'amala da lokutan sarrafa su. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe ciniki na duniya da haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki, musamman a yankunan da tsarin banki ba su da ci gaba. Yanayin kuɗaɗen sirri mara iyaka yana inganta haɗa kuɗi yayin da yake ƙalubalantar manufofin kuɗi na al'ada da kuma sarrafa kuɗin ƙasa.

2.3 Tasirin Kasuwar GPU

Ƙaruwar hakar ma'adinan kuɗin sirri ta yi tasiri sosai kan kasuwannin Na'urar Sarrafa Hotuna (GPU), ta haifar da ƙarancin wadatar da kuma hauhawar farashi. Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai suna buƙatar ƙarfin lissafi mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin buƙatar manyan GPU masu aiki. Wannan ya shafi samuwa ga masu amfani na al'ada da kuma masu sha'awar wasannin bidiyo, yayin da kuma ke tayar da ƙirƙira a cikin ƙirƙirar na'urorin hakar ma'adinai na musamman.

3. Tushen Fasaha

3.1 Fasahar Sirri (Cryptography)

Fasahar sirri (Cryptography) ita ce ginshiƙin tsaro na tsarin kuɗin sirri, tana tabbatar da ingancin mu'amala da kuma ɓoyayyen sunan mai amfani. SHA-256 (Algorithm ɗin Sirri Mai Tsaro na Bit 256) yana aiki azaman ainihin aikin sirri na hash:

$H(x) = SHA256(x)$ inda $x$ ke wakiltar bayanan shiga

Wannan algorithm yana samar da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar hash na Bit 256, yana ba da tsayayya ga rikice-rikice kuma yana tabbatar da ingancin bayanai. Sa hannun dijital ta amfani da fasahar sirri na elliptic curve (ECC) suna ba da tabbaci ta hanyar alaƙar lissafi:

$Q = d × G$ inda $Q$ shine maɓalli na jama'a, $d$ shine maɓalli na sirri, kuma $G$ shine ma'aunin janareta

3.2 Fasahar Blockchain

Blockchain wani rumbun adana bayanai ne mara cibiyar gudanarwa wanda ke haɗa tubalan mu'amala a cikin sarkar da ba za a iya canzawa ba. Kowane block yana ƙunshe da:

• Shugaban block tare da hash na baya, alamar lokaci, da nonce
• Bayanan mu'amala da tushen bishiyar Merkle
• Tabbacin Aikin Hujja wanda ke buƙatar ƙoƙarin lissafi

Tsarin blockchain yana tabbatar da tsayayya ga ɓarna ta hanyar haɗin sirri: $Hash_{sabo} = SHA256(Shugaban_{baya} + Mu'amaloli + Nonce)$

4. Binciken Fasaha

Wannan cikakken bincike yana nazarin yanayin kuɗin sirri na biyu a matsayin duka ƙirƙira ta fasaha da kuma mai ɓarna zamantakewa. Gine-ginen da ba shi da cibiyar gudanarwa yana ƙalubalantar tsarin kuɗi na al'ada, kamar yadda CycleGAN (Zhu et al., 2017) ta kawo sauyi ga fassarar hoto zuwa hoto ba tare da misalan biyu ba. Tsarin yarjejeniya na aikin hujja na kuɗin sirri, yayin da yake kiyaye tsaron cibiyar sadarwa, yana cinye albarkatun makamashi mai yawa—wata damuwa da Fihirisar Amfani da Wutar Lantarki ta Cambridge Bitcoin ta nuna, wanda ke kimanta yawan amfani da ita a shekara ya wuce jimillar amfani da wutar lantarki na wasu ƙasashe.

Tushen sirri yana nuna juriya mai ban mamaki, tare da SHA-256 ya ci gaba da kasancewa ba a karye ba tun lokacin da NIST ta daidaita shi a shekarar 2001. Duk da haka, ci gaban kwamfuta na quantum yana haifar da barazana a nan gaba ga tsare-tsaren sirri na yanzu, kamar yadda Cibiyar Ƙididdiga da Fasaha ta Ƙasa ta gano ta aikin daidaita sirri bayan quantum. Tashin hankali tsakanin ɓoyayyen suna da ƙa'ida yana wakiltar babbar ƙalubala, tare da bincike daga IMF yana nuna yuwuwar mafita ta hanyoyin bin ka'idoji masu kiyaye sirri.

Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin kuɗi na al'ada, kuɗin sirri yana ba da saurin mu'amala da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba da kuma samun damar shiga duniya amma yana fuskantar iyakokin ƙima. Cibiyar sadarwar Bitcoin tana sarrafa kusan mu'amaloli 7 a kowace daƙiƙa sabanin Visa 24,000, yana nuna cinikin tsakanin rarraba cibiyoyi da inganci. Ci gaban gaba a cikin mafita na Layer-2 da madadin hanyoyin yarjejeniya kamar hujjar riƙo na iya magance waɗannan iyakokin yayin da ake kiyaye garanti na tsaro.

5. Sakamakon Gwaji

Ma'aunin karɓar kuɗin sirri yana nuna alamu na girma mai yawa. Binciken ƙarar mu'amala yana nuna sauye-sauye na yanayi tare da ci gaba da ƙaruwa shekara bayan shekara. Ma'aunin tsaron cibiyar sadarwa yana nuna ci gaban ƙimar hash daga 5.6 GH/s a shekarar 2009 zuwa sama da 150 EH/s a halin yanzu, yana wakiltar ƙarin tsaron lissafi.

6. Aiwatar da Code

A ƙasa akwai saukakkun aiwatar da Python da ke nuna ainihin ra'ayoyin blockchain:

import hashlib
import time

class Block:
    def __init__(self, index, transactions, timestamp, previous_hash):
        self.index = index
        self.transactions = transactions
        self.timestamp = timestamp
        self.previous_hash = previous_hash
        self.nonce = 0
        self.hash = self.calculate_hash()
    
    def calculate_hash(self):
        block_string = f"{self.index}{self.transactions}{self.timestamp}{self.previous_hash}{self.nonce}"
        return hashlib.sha256(block_string.encode()).hexdigest()
    
    def mine_block(self, difficulty):
        while self.hash[:difficulty] != "0" * difficulty:
            self.nonce += 1
            self.hash = self.calculate_hash()

class Blockchain:
    def __init__(self):
        self.chain = [self.create_genesis_block()]
        self.difficulty = 2
    
    def create_genesis_block(self):
        return Block(0, "Tubalin Asali", time.time(), "0")
    
    def add_block(self, new_block):
        new_block.previous_hash = self.chain[-1].hash
        new_block.mine_block(self.difficulty)
        self.chain.append(new_block)

7. Aikace-aikacen Gaba

Fasahar kuɗin sirri tana nuna aikace-aikace masu ban sha'awa bayan mu'amalolin kuɗi:

• Kuɗi mara Cibiyar Gudanarwa (DeFi): Ka'idojin rance, rance, da ciniki ta atomatik
• Gudanar da Sarkar Wadata: Bin diddigin samfur da tabbaci maras canzawa
• Asalin Dijital: Tsarin asalin kai wanda mai amfani ke sarrafa bayanai
• Tsarin Zaɓe: Tsarin zaɓe masu bayyana gaskiya, masu tsayayya ga ɓarna
• Dukiyar Hankali: Ƙirƙirar abun ciki mai alamar lokaci da bayanan mallaka

Ci gaban gaba zai mai da hankali kan mafita masu ƙima, ingantaccen ingantaccen makamashi, tsarin bin ka'idoji, da haɗin kai tsakanin cibiyoyin sadarwar blockchain daban-daban. Haɗa fasahar wucin gadi da IoT tare da fasahar blockchain yana ba da ƙarin damar ƙirƙira.

8. Bayanan Kara Karatu

1. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Dijital Tsakanin Mutane.
2. Zhu, J., Park, T., Isola, P., & Efros, A. A. (2017). Fassarar Hotuna Zuwa Hotuna mara Biyu ta Amfani da Cibiyoyin Sadarwa masu Juyawa. Taron Kasa da Kasa na IEEE akan Kwamfutar Kwamfuta.
3. Cibiyar Cambridge don Madadin Kuɗi. (2023). Fihirisar Amfani da Wutar Lantarki ta Cambridge Bitcoin.
4. Cibiyar Ƙididdiga da Fasaha ta Ƙasa. (2023). Daidaita Sirri Bayan Quantum.
5. Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya. (2022). Tsarin Dokokin Crypto na Duniya.
6. Hukumar Bincike ta Tarayya. (2021). Rahoton Laifukan Intanet.
7. Chaum, D. (1983). Sa hannun Makafi don Biyan Kuɗi maras Ganewa. Ci gaba a cikin Cryptology.